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Understanding the Context

Most distinct cell types arise from a single totipotent cell, called a zygote, that differentiates into hundreds of different cell types during the course of development. A cell is a mass of cytoplasm that is bound externally by a cell membrane. Usually microscopic in size, cells are the smallest structural units of living matter and compose all living things. Most cells have one or more nuclei and other organelles that carry out a variety of tasks.

Key Insights

A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic, consisting of cytoplasm and a membrane, and in most cases containing a nucleus and organelles. All cells evolved from a common ancestor and use the same kinds of carbon-based molecules. Learn how cell function depends on a diverse group of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and sugars. All cells can be sorted into one of two groups: eukaryotes and prokaryotes. A eukaryote has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while a prokaryote does not.

Final Thoughts

Plants and animals are made of numerous eukaryotic cells, while many microbes, such as bacteria, consist of single cells. A cell is the smallest, fundamental unit of life and is responsible for all life's functions. It is the basic biological, structural, and functional components of all living things.